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Nonartificiální hudba

31. března 2010 v 21:43 | K. |  Hudební výchova
Nonartificiální hudba (nonart)
- hudba neumělecká, populární
- slouží k zábavě
- od konce 19. století je oficiálně uznávána

1862 - v Americe dochází ke zrušení otroctví
1865 - skončila občanská válka (sever X jih), stěhování černochů zpátky do měst

Černošská hudba
- work song - "pracovní písně"
- spirituály a gospely - písně s náboženským textem

Blues
- pochází z města New Orleans
- černoši tvořili malé skupinky na náměstích (4 hráči), hudba vycházející z jejich kultury
- minstrelská představení - běloši snažící se je napodobit
- vždy 4 dobý rytmus
- každý nástroj hraje jinou melodii
- hlavní roli hrají dechové nástroje
- improvizace - jamování
- synkopa (synkopický rytmus) - tři noty, střední má dvojnásobnou hodnotu krajních
- blue tóny - střídání malé a velké tercie, septimy

Jazz, swing
- dvě centra (20. léta 20. století) - Chicago, New York (čtvrť Harlem) - centra jazzu (z New Orleans)
- gramofonové desky - hudba se stává obchodem
- Buddy Bolden - "pravěk jazzu" - kapelník
- Lewis Armstrong
- Duke Ellington - v New Yorku, kapelník
- Chick Webb
- Ella Fidgerald
- Benny Goodman - běloch, kapelník
- 30. - 40. léta 20. století - swing - taneční hudba, rytmická, na 4 doby, vyšla z jazzu, je zde mnohem více nástrojů (zvětšení instrumentace), walking bass, klavír, kytara, zpěv a dechové nástroje - big band
- blue tóny
- off - beat

Česká populární hudba
- národní obrození (konec 18., začátek 19. století) - začíná sílit měšťanská vrstva (uvolňují se poměry, zrušeno nevolnictví, povinná školní docházka - vzdělání), mění se i poměr umělců -> rozvoj umění
Dechovka - pochodová hudba  (Sokol), k tanci, zakladatelem je František Kmoch (působil v Kolíně), festival dechových souborů: Kmochův Kolín; nejznámější píseň - Kolíne, Kolíne
Kabarety - (od začátku 20. století i v Čechách, po vzoru Berlína, Mnichova, Paříže...) - malá "divadla" - krátké scénky, pantomima, zpěv, tanec. Avantgarda - umělci, kteří nechtěli být moc známí - průkopníci nových směrů.
- České kabarety: - Lucerna (Karel Hašler - herec národního divadla, psal filmové scénáře, písně, byl dramaturg (vybíral repertoár divadla), při obsazení republiky byl zatčen, zemřel v koncentračním táboře; píseň: Po starých zámeckých schodech
                         - Červená sedma - (založili vysokoškolští studenti, Eduard Bass - Klabzubova 11, Martin Fryč); 
- ve 30. letech se k nám dostává jazz a později swing
- Rudolf Antonín Dvorský - swingový kapelník, Kapela: Melody Makers
- Ondřej Havelka - navazuje na R. A. Dvorského
- Billy - černoch, hraje na bicí, přijel do Prahy, běloši jej napodobují
- Emil František Burian - založil divadlo D 34, to bylo nacisty zavřeno, později pokus o jeho obnovu, ale jelikož E. F. Burian přešel ke komunistům zůstalo pouze u pokusu

Voice band - skupinová recitace a dramatizace (vymyslel jej E. F. Burian), básně prokládány hudbou; báseň: Chlupatý kaktus

- Jiří Traxler - píseň: Hádej, hádej
- Jaroslav Ježek (1906 - 1942)
 - jazzový skladatel, spolupracoval s Voskovcem a Werichem (Osvobozené divadlo, 1934 - 1938; hra: Osel a stín); 1939 - Voskovec, Werich a Ježek utíkají do Ameriky, tam Ježek umírá. Byl slepý a hluchý. Písně: Život je jen náhoda, Ezop a brabenec, Tmavomodrý svět, Nebe na zemi, David a Goliáš
- swingové (synkopické) orchestry - big bandy (30 - 40 lidí)
 - orchestr Karla Vlacha, orchestr Gustava Broma - hrají až do 80. let
 - trampská píseň - Jaroslav Mottl - scénárista - píseň: Bessie

Poslech: Jen pro ten dnešní den - autor: Sláva Eman Nováček

Francouzská populární hudba
- kabarety (Moulin Rouge, Chat Noir, Montmarter), šantán, šanson
Édith Piaf (1915 - 1963)
 - "piaf" = vrabčák
 - byla bez matky, v dětství byla několik let slepá, vyrůstala v nevěstinci
 - v dospělosti brala morfium a pila alkohol, často střídala partnery
 Její slavné písně: Ne, již nelituji nic; Hymnus na lásku (po smrti jednoho jejího partnera), Mylord, Harmonikář
Charles Aznavour
Marlene Dietrich - německá herečka a šansoniérka; píseň: Řekni, kde ty kytky jsou; film: Modrý anděl

Poslech: Édith Piaf, Charles Aznavour
 

2 lidé ohodnotili tento článek.

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